Kerber Networks

The kerber networks are based on the grids used in the dissertation “Aufnahmefähigkeit von Niederspannungsverteilnetzen für die Einspeisung aus Photvoltaikanlagen” (Capacity of low voltage distribution networks with increased feed-in of photovoltaic power) by Georg Kerber. The following introduction shows the basic idea behind his network concepts and demonstrate how you can use them in pandapower.

“The increasing amount of new distributed power plants demands a reconsideration of conventional planning strategies in all classes and voltage levels of the electrical power networks. To get reliable results on loadability of low voltage networks statistically firm network models are required. A strategy for the classification of low voltage networks, exemplary results and a method for the generation of reference networks are shown.” (source: https:/mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/681082/681082.pdf)

Warning

The representative grids for sub-urban areas (Vorstadt) were deduced as open-ring grids from meshed grids. They are therefore only valid under the assumption of homogeneous load and generation profiles, and not for inhomogeneous operation or even short-circuit situations.

Average Kerber networks

Kerber Landnetze:

Low number of loads per transformer station

High proportion of agriculture and industry

Typical network topologies: line

Kerber Dorfnetz:

Higher number of loads per transformer station (compared to Kerber Landnetze)

Lower proportion of agriculture and industry

Typical network topologies: line, open ring

Kerber Vorstadtnetze:

Highest number of loads per transformer station (compared to Kerber Landnetze/Dorfnetz)

no agriculture and industry

high building density

Typical network topologies: open ring, meshed networks

	Lines	Total Length	Loads	Installed Power
Kerber Landnetze
Freileitung 1	13	0.273 km	13	0.104 MW
Freileitung 2	8	0.390 km	8	0.64 MW
Kabel 1	16	1.046 km	8	0.64 MW
Kabel 2	28	1.343 km	14	0.112 MW

Kerber Dorfnetz	114	3.412 km	57	0.342 MW

Kerber Vorstadtnetze
Kabel 1	292	4.476 km	146	0.292 MW
Kabel 2	288	4.689 km	144	0.288 MW

You can include the kerber networks by simply using:

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_net()

Kerber Landnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_freileitung_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (13 elements) p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (15 elements)
  - line (13 elements) std_type="Al 120", l_lines_in_km=0.021
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

net2 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_freileitung_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (8 elements) p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (10 elements)
  - line (8 elements)  std_type="AL 50", l_lines_1_in_km=0.038, l_lines_2_in_km=0.081
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_kabel_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (8 elements)  p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (18 elements)
  - line (16 elements)  std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type = "0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

net2 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_kabel_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
 - load (14 elements)  p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
 - bus (30 elements)
 - line (28 elements)  std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
 - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
 - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

Kerber Dorfnetz

import pandapower.networks as pn

net = pn.create_kerber_dorfnetz()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (57 elements) p_load_in_mw=6,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (116 elements)
  - line (114 elements) std_type="NAYY 150"; std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
  - trafo (1 elements) std_type="0.4 MVA 10/0.4 kV Yyn6 4 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

Kerber Vorstadtnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_vorstadtnetz_kabel_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (146 elements) p_load_in_mw=2,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (294 elements)
  - line (292 elements) std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line_1="NAYY 50", std_type_branchout_line_2="NYY 35"
  - trafo (1 elements) std_type="0.63 MVA 20/0.4 kV Yyn6 wnr ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

import pandapower.networks as pn

net2 = pn.create_kerber_vorstadtnetz_kabel_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (144 elements) p_load_in_mw=2,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (290 elements)
  - line (288 elements) std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line_1="NAYY 50", std_type_branchout_line_2="NYY 35"
  - trafo (1 elements) "std_type=0.63 MVA 20/0.4 kV Yyn6 wnr ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

Extreme Kerber networks

The typical kerber networks represent the most common low-voltage distribution grids. To produce statements of universal validity or check limit value, a significant part of all existing grids have to be involved. The following grids obtain special builds of parameters (very high line length, great number of branches or high loaded transformers). These parameters results in high loaded lines and low voltage magnitudes within the extreme network. By including the extreme networks, kerber reached the 95% confidence interval.

Therefore 95% of all parameter results in an considered distribution grid are equal or better compared to the outcomes from kerber extreme networks. Besides testing for extreme parameters you are able to check for functional capability of reactive power control. Since more rare network combination exist, the total number of extreme grids is higher than the amount of typical kerber networks.

Extreme Kerber Landnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Landnetz Freileitung Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_freileitung()


'''Extrem Landnetz Kabel Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_kabel()

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Landnetz Freileitung Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_freileitung_trafo()


'''Extrem Landnetz Kabel Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_kabel_trafo()

Extreme Kerber Dorfnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Dorfnetz Kabel Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_dorfnetz()

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Dorfnetz Kabel Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_dorfnetz_trafo()

Extreme Kerber Vorstadtnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_a Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_1()

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_b Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_2()

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_c Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_trafo_1()

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_d Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_trafo_2()

	Lines	Total Length	Loads	Installed Power
Kerber Landnetze
Freileitung 1	26	0.312 km	26	0.208 MW
Freileitung 2	27	0.348 km	27	0.216 MW
Kabel 1	52	1.339 km	26	0.208 MW
Kabel 2	54	1.435 km	27	0.216 MW

Kerber Dorfnetze
Kabel 1	116	3.088 km	58	0.348 MW
Kabel 2	234	6.094 km	117	0.702 MW

Vorstadtnetze
Kabel_a Type 1	290	3.296 km	145	0.290 MW
Kabel_b Type 1	290	4.019 km	145	0.290 MW
Kabel_c Type 2	382	5.256 km	191	0.382 MW
Kabel_d Type 2	384	5.329 km	192	0.384 MW