Kerber Networks

The kerber networks are based on the grids used in the dissertation “Aufnahmefähigkeit von Niederspannungsverteilnetzen für die Einspeisung aus Photvoltaikanlagen” (Capacity of low voltage distribution networks with increased feed-in of photovoltaic power) by Georg Kerber. The following introduction shows the basic idea behind his network concepts and demonstrate how you can use them in pandapower.

“The increasing amount of new distributed power plants demands a reconsideration of conventional planning strategies in all classes and voltage levels of the electrical power networks. To get reliable results on loadability of low voltage networks statistically firm network models are required. A strategy for the classification of low voltage networks, exemplary results and a method for the generation of reference networks are shown.” (source: https:/mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/681082/681082.pdf)

Warning

The representative grids for sub-urban areas (Vorstadt) were deduced as open-ring grids from meshed grids. They are therefore only valid under the assumption of homogeneous load and generation profiles, and not for inhomogeneous operation or even short-circuit situations.

Average Kerber networks

Kerber Landnetze:

  • Low number of loads per transformer station

  • High proportion of agriculture and industry

  • Typical network topologies: line

Kerber Dorfnetz:

  • Higher number of loads per transformer station (compared to Kerber Landnetze)

  • Lower proportion of agriculture and industry

  • Typical network topologies: line, open ring

Kerber Vorstadtnetze:

  • Highest number of loads per transformer station (compared to Kerber Landnetze/Dorfnetz)

  • no agriculture and industry

  • high building density

  • Typical network topologies: open ring, meshed networks

Lines

Total Length

Loads

Installed Power

Kerber Landnetze

Freileitung 1

13

0.273 km

13

0.104 MW

Freileitung 2

8

0.390 km

8

0.64 MW

Kabel 1

16

1.046 km

8

0.64 MW

Kabel 2

28

1.343 km

14

0.112 MW

Kerber Dorfnetz

114

3.412 km

57

0.342 MW

Kerber Vorstadtnetze

Kabel 1

292

4.476 km

146

0.292 MW

Kabel 2

288

4.689 km

144

0.288 MW

You can include the kerber networks by simply using:

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_net()

Kerber Landnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_freileitung_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (13 elements) p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (15 elements)
  - line (13 elements) std_type="Al 120", l_lines_in_km=0.021
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

net2 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_freileitung_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (8 elements) p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (10 elements)
  - line (8 elements)  std_type="AL 50", l_lines_1_in_km=0.038, l_lines_2_in_km=0.081
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''
alternate Text
import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_kabel_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (8 elements)  p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (18 elements)
  - line (16 elements)  std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
  - trafo (1 elements)  std_type = "0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''

net2 = pn.create_kerber_landnetz_kabel_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
 - load (14 elements)  p_load_in_mw=8,  q_load_in_mw=0
 - bus (30 elements)
 - line (28 elements)  std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
 - trafo (1 elements)  std_type="0.125 MVA 10/0.4 kV Dyn5 ASEA"
 - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''
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Kerber Dorfnetz

import pandapower.networks as pn

net = pn.create_kerber_dorfnetz()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (57 elements) p_load_in_mw=6,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (116 elements)
  - line (114 elements) std_type="NAYY 150"; std_type_branchout_line="NAYY 50"
  - trafo (1 elements) std_type="0.4 MVA 10/0.4 kV Yyn6 4 ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''
alternate Text

Kerber Vorstadtnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

net1 = pn.create_kerber_vorstadtnetz_kabel_1()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (146 elements) p_load_in_mw=2,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (294 elements)
  - line (292 elements) std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line_1="NAYY 50", std_type_branchout_line_2="NYY 35"
  - trafo (1 elements) std_type="0.63 MVA 20/0.4 kV Yyn6 wnr ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''
alternate Text
import pandapower.networks as pn

net2 = pn.create_kerber_vorstadtnetz_kabel_2()

'''
This pandapower network includes the following parameter tables:
  - load (144 elements) p_load_in_mw=2,  q_load_in_mw=0
  - bus (290 elements)
  - line (288 elements) std_type="NAYY 150", std_type_branchout_line_1="NAYY 50", std_type_branchout_line_2="NYY 35"
  - trafo (1 elements) "std_type=0.63 MVA 20/0.4 kV Yyn6 wnr ASEA"
  - ext_grid (1 elements)
'''
alternate Text

Extreme Kerber networks

The typical kerber networks represent the most common low-voltage distribution grids. To produce statements of universal validity or check limit value, a significant part of all existing grids have to be involved. The following grids obtain special builds of parameters (very high line length, great number of branches or high loaded transformers). These parameters results in high loaded lines and low voltage magnitudes within the extreme network. By including the extreme networks, kerber reached the 95% confidence interval.

Therefore 95% of all parameter results in an considered distribution grid are equal or better compared to the outcomes from kerber extreme networks. Besides testing for extreme parameters you are able to check for functional capability of reactive power control. Since more rare network combination exist, the total number of extreme grids is higher than the amount of typical kerber networks.

Lines

Total Length

Loads

Installed Power

Kerber Landnetze

Freileitung 1

26

0.312 km

26

0.208 MW

Freileitung 2

27

0.348 km

27

0.216 MW

Kabel 1

52

1.339 km

26

0.208 MW

Kabel 2

54

1.435 km

27

0.216 MW

Kerber Dorfnetze

Kabel 1

116

3.088 km

58

0.348 MW

Kabel 2

234

6.094 km

117

0.702 MW

Vorstadtnetze

Kabel_a Type 1

290

3.296 km

145

0.290 MW

Kabel_b Type 1

290

4.019 km

145

0.290 MW

Kabel_c Type 2

382

5.256 km

191

0.382 MW

Kabel_d Type 2

384

5.329 km

192

0.384 MW


The Kerber extreme networks are categorized into two groups:

Type I: Kerber networks with extreme lines

Type II: Kerber networks with extreme lines and high loaded transformer

Note

Note that all Kerber exteme networks (no matter what type / territory) consist of various branches, linetypes or line length.

Extreme Kerber Landnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Landnetz Freileitung Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_freileitung()


'''Extrem Landnetz Kabel Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_kabel()
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import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Landnetz Freileitung Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_freileitung_trafo()


'''Extrem Landnetz Kabel Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_landnetz_kabel_trafo()
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Extreme Kerber Dorfnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Dorfnetz Kabel Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_dorfnetz()
alternate Text
import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Dorfnetz Kabel Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_dorfnetz_trafo()
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Extreme Kerber Vorstadtnetze

import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_a Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_1()
alternate Text
import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_b Typ I'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_2()
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import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_c Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_trafo_1()
alternate Text
import pandapower.networks as pn

'''Extrem Vorstadtnetz Kabel_d Typ II'''
net = pn.kb_extrem_vorstadtnetz_trafo_2()
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